Commodore Matthew Calbraith Perry's Japan Expedition (1853-1854) not only began a tradition of “gunboat diplomacy” so often associated with mid-nineteenth century American expansionism, it also ...
On July 8th, 1853, four American warships sailed into Edo Bay, ignored warnings, pointed their cannons at a coastal town, and fired blanks — a “salute,” they claimed. Commodore Perry brought a letter ...
CC0 Usage Conditions ApplyClick for more information. The author is an Asian ethnology specialist in the Department of Anthropology at the Smithsonian Institution's National Museum of Natural History.